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VISL standard categories for "morphological features"
- CG = Constraint Grammar
- VTB = VISL tree banks
MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES
| CG-abbr. |
VTB-abbr. |
English long form |
Danish long form |
| gender |
| M |
m |
masculine gender |
maskulinum |
| F |
f |
feminine gender |
femininum |
| NEU |
neu |
neuter gender |
neutrum |
| UTR |
utr |
uter gender |
fælleskøn |
| nG |
nG |
no gender or ambiguous gender |
| number |
| S |
sg |
singular |
singularis |
| P |
pl |
plural |
pluralis |
| 1 (1S, 1P) |
1 (1sg, 1pl) |
1st person |
1. person |
| 2 (2S, 2P) |
2 (2sg, 2pl) |
2nd person |
2. person |
| 3 (3S, 3P) |
3 (3sg, 3pl) |
3rd person |
3. person |
| nN |
nN |
no number or ambiguous number |
| tense |
| PR |
pr |
present tense |
præsens |
| IMPF |
impf |
imperfect / past tense |
imperfektum (datid-default) |
| PS |
prt |
preterite |
præteritum |
| MQP |
pqp |
pluperfect |
pluskvamperfektum |
| FUT |
fut |
future |
futurum |
| - |
fut2 |
future conditional |
futurum exactum |
| at vp-level |
| - |
perf-c |
perfect |
perfectum |
| - |
pqp-c |
pluperfect |
pludkvamperfektum |
| mode |
| COND |
cond |
conditional |
konditionalis |
| IND |
ind |
indicative |
indikativ |
| IMP |
imp |
imperative |
imperativ |
| SUBJ |
subj |
subjunctive |
konjunktiv |
| diathesis |
| AKT |
act |
active voice |
aktiv |
| PAS |
pas |
passive voice |
passiv |
| finity |
| VFIN |
fin |
finite |
finit |
| - |
nfin |
non-finite |
ikke finit |
| INF |
inf |
infinitive |
infinitiv |
| PCP1 |
pcp1 |
present participle |
præsens participium |
| PCP2 |
pcp2 |
past participle |
perfektum participium |
| GER |
ger |
gerund |
gerundium |
| case |
| NOM |
nom |
nominative |
nominativ |
| GEN |
gen |
genitive |
genitiv |
| DAT |
dat |
dative |
dativ |
| ACC |
acc |
accusative |
akkusativ |
| - |
abl |
ablative |
ablativ |
| - |
ins |
instrumental |
instrumentalis |
| LOC |
loc |
locative |
lokativ |
| DIR |
dir |
directive |
direktiv |
| - |
voc |
vocative |
vokativ |
| degree |
| KOMP |
comp |
comparative degree |
komparativ |
| - |
pos |
positive degree |
positiv |
| SUP |
sup |
superlative degree |
superlativ |
| definiteness |
| DEF |
def |
definite |
definit |
| IDF |
idef |
indefinite |
indefinit |
| nD |
nD |
no definiteness or ambiguous definiteness |
SECONDARY LEXICAL FEATURES
| CG-abbr. |
VTB-abbr. |
English long form |
Danish long form |
| PoS class |
| <prop> |
<prop> |
noun used as proper noun |
propriums-brug |
| <n> |
<n> |
adjective used as noun |
substantivisk brug |
| <adj> |
<adj> |
noun used as adjective |
adjektivisk brug |
| Pos subclass |
| (PROP) |
<prop> |
proper noun |
proprium |
| <dem> |
<dem> |
demonstrative pronoun |
demonstrativt pronomen |
| <interr> |
<int> |
interrogative pronoun |
interrogativt pronomen |
| <pers> |
<pers> |
personal pronoun |
personligt pronomen |
| <poss> |
<poss> |
possessive pronoun |
possessivt pronomen |
| <reci> |
<reci> |
reciprocal pronoun |
reciprokt pronomen |
| <refl> |
<refl> |
reflexive pronoun |
refleksivt pronomen |
| <rel> |
<rel> |
relative pronoun |
relativt pronomen |
| - |
<mod> |
modal verb |
modalverbum |
| <def> |
<def> (jf. def) |
definite article |
bestemt artikel |
| <indef> |
<idef> (jf. idef) |
indefinite article |
ubestemt artikel |
| <card> |
<card> |
cardinal number |
kardinaltal |
| <ord> |
<ord> |
ordinal number |
ordinaltal |
| - |
<col> |
collective number |
kollektivtal |
| <deadj> |
<deadj> |
derived from an adjective |
afledt af et adjektiv |
| inflexional paradigm |
| - |
<n1> etc. |
1st noun declension |
substantivernes 1. bøjning |
| - |
<adj1> etc. |
1st adjective declension |
adjektivernes 1. bøjning |
| - |
<v1> etc. |
1st verb conjugation |
verbernes 1. bøjning |
Remarks:
1. ) A
distinction is made between morphological features (abbreviation in small letters, no more than 4, latinid by preference) and secondary lexical features (in sharp <...> parentheses), comprising "all the rest":
- (a) word class usage and subclass (e.g. "<prop>" for who doesn't use "prop" as a word class),
- (b) valency potential, (e.g. <vt> for "transitive verb", only used in VISL's live analysis?),
- (c) inflexional paradigm (only used in latin?). It is recommended not to use (or else, minimize), secondary features for school use.
2. ) In the analysis file, features are given as a comma-separated list in round parentheses after the form symbol, in the following order:
- a) base form (lexeme) in single quotes
- b) secondary categories in sharp parentheses (optional)
- PoS subclass
- inflexional paradigm
- valency information
- semantical information
- c) morphological features
3.) In VISL's interactive java tree program, the morphological abbreviations will be "translated" into Danish or English long forms (last columns), which is what the user will see when he touches a word form with the mouse pointer.
4.) The list above is meant as a super set of categories to be chosen from by the individual language, but obviously it is not yet complete for all languages. It was compiled with Romance and Germanic languages in mind. Additional morphological features might be added for some languages. If this is the case for your language, please send the necessary suggestions (category definition, English and Danish long forms) to eckhard.bick@gmail.com). VISL will then add them to the common list and suggest a system internal abbreviation.
Examples from Danish, as they appear in the analysis files:
n('træ',neu,pl,def,gen) træernes
prop('VISL',nom) VISL
v('sælge',impf,pas) solgtes
adj('forskellig',nG,P,nD,nom) forskellige
art('en',neu,s,idf) et
pron('du',<pers>,2s,acc) dig
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